N-Type All Back Contact (ABC) solar cells are among the most efficient photovoltaic technologies available today. With all contacts located on the rear side of the cell, they offer full front-side light absorption and reduced recombination losses. Until recently, however, the complexity of large-scale production has limited their widespread adoption. This is now changing with the introduction of a two-step manufacturing process, which eliminates key trade-offs and pushes the performance of Aiko’s ABC cells to a new level.
In conventional BC manufacturing, the tunneling oxide and polycrystalline silicon (poly Si) layers are formed simultaneously on both sides of the cell. The challenge here is that the optimal process conditions for the P-type and N-type regions differ significantly — forcing compromises that reduce passivation quality and overall efficiency.
Aiko’s two-step process solves this by decoupling the formation of passivating contacts for each side. Each region is processed independently under its ideal conditions, enabling better control of interface quality, improved contact passivation, and conversion efficiencies exceeding 27%.
During high-temperature diffusion, BSG (boron silicate glass) and PSG (phosphorus silicate glass) naturally form as byproducts. These layers act as self-aligned masks, eliminating the need for external masking and cleaning. This self-masked approach brings several benefits:
The result is a simplified yet highly stable manufacturing process — one that supports high uniformity, low stress, and industrial-scale scalability.
Thanks to these innovations, ABC technology is no longer limited to R&D labs or niche applications. It is now a viable solution for premium residential, commercial, and industrial PV systems. The two-step process ensures long-term production stability, precision, and performance — making ABC modules increasingly competitive with mainstream technologies like TOPCon and PERC.
At Raylyst Solar, we continuously monitor the evolution of PV technologies and deliver solutions that bring real value to your business. We provide not only top-tier products, but also technical support, training, and the know-how needed for the successful implementation of modern solar projects.
